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(1966). Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14:462-477

Speaking with the Second Voice—Evocativeness

Stephen A. Appelbaum, Ph.D.

"It is not alone that the 'voice of the intellect is soft;' it speaks with two voices" (20).

FREUD'S REMARKS on free-floating awareness, later known as "listening with the third ear," initiated a technique by which the psychoanalytic therapist learns the hidden connotations of a patient's words. The therapist might profitably also attend to the connotations of his own behavior. For in addition to the content he means to convey, the evocativeness of the way he conveys it may add to or detract from his therapeutic effectiveness. Just as the therapist listens with a third ear, he speaks with a second voice.

"Evoke" means, according to Webster's Unabridged dictionary, "to call out; to summon forth, as from seclusion or the grave." Its etymological root is vox or voice. The therapist attempts much of the time to summon forth, as from seclusion, feelings, buried memories, images, and ego states. He does this, not exclusively but to a great extent, with the voice. If "to evoke"

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